Association between thyroid dysfunction and cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional study.

J Diabetes Investig · 2026 · PMC13238587 · PMID 41928585

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a decreasing trendno p-value reported

In the further dose–response analysis, the RCS model demonstrated a significant linear positive correlation between TSH and cognitive impairment risk, while FT4 levels showed a decreasing trend with risk.

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did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

Results showed that the association between hypothyroidism and cognitive impairment was consistent in direction across all subgroups, but the interactions of age, sex, education years, diabetes duration, and HbA1c with thyroid status did not reach statistical significance (all P for interaction >0.05; Table 5 , Figure 3 ).

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.