Modulatory effects of exercise interventions on the gut microbiota in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

J Nutr Health Aging · 2026 · PMC13241982 · PMID 42217316

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hedged sentences

0.0520

closest p · 1.0× alpha

0.0520

boldest claim

The sentences

marginal significanceP = 0.052so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

The Observed index showed marginal significance ( P = 0.052), whereas the Simpson index was unchanged.

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marginally significantP = 0.052so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

The Observed species index included 8 studies (k = 8, N = 2302) and exhibited a marginally significant increase associated with exercise (g = 0.19, 95% CI: −0.002–0.39, P = 0.052), with low between-study heterogeneity ( I 2 = 0%).

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did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

The moderate-intensity exercise subgroup showed a significant effect (g = 0.38, 95% CI: 0.18–0.58, P = 0.0002, I 2 = 10%), whereas the low- and high-intensity subgroups did not reach statistical significance.

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