Adiponectin and leptin levels in mothers, fetuses, and neonates with intrauterine growth restriction compared to those with appropriate gestational age.

Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) · 2026 · PMC13246382 · PMID 42272807

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0010

closest p · 0.0× alpha

0.2700

boldest claim

The sentences

highly significantp < 0.001actually significant

The difference between the two groups was statistically highly significant ( p < 0.001), indicating a strong association between IUGR and reduced ADIPOQ expression.

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did not reach statistical significancep = 0.27not close (p > 0.1)

Maternal leptin levels were higher in the AGA group compared with the IUGR group; however, this difference did not reach statistical significance (Student’s unpaired t-test, p = 0.27).

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.