The Paradigm Shift in Clinical Stage II Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Management: A Comprehensive Review of Optimal Surgical and Systemic Approaches.

Cancers (Basel) · 2026 · PMC13255830 · PMID 42279265

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did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

provided a critical distinction between IO approaches, showing that neoadjuvant/perioperative chemo-IO demonstrated a significant EFS benefit in stage II patients, whereas adjuvant IO alone did not reach statistical significance [ 38 ]. 3.5.

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