Effects of Polyphenol Supplementation on Gut Microbiota Composition and Fecal Short-Chain Fatty Acids: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Nutrients · 2026 · PMC13258798 · PMID 42280405

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0800

closest p · 1.6× alpha

0.0800

boldest claim

The sentences

did not reach statistical significancep = 0.08so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

However, Egger’s test did not reach statistical significance ( p = 0.08), and Begg’s test was also non-significant ( p = 0.14), indicating limited evidence of bias for publication.

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highly significantno p-value reported

As depicted in Figure 6 C, 87.5% of studies reported significant or highly significant PERMANOVA results, indicating clear separation between intervention and control groups.

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.