Efficacy and safety of thymosin combined with anticancer therapy for esophageal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Front Immunol · 2026 · PMC13260294 · PMID 42292434

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did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

Subgroup analysis also revealed that the benefits of thymosin in improving ORR and DCR were most evident and significant when combined with radiotherapy alone or chemotherapy alone; however, in the subgroup receiving concurrent chemoradiotherapy, short-term efficacy did not reach statistical significance.

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