Health Benefits of a Standardized <i>Ginkgo biloba</i> Extract Associated With Phosphatidylserine in Alleviating Mental Stress and Cognitive Performance: Results From Two Exploratory Randomized Trials.

Both groups showed a strong shift toward decreased levels of depression when compared to baseline, although the changes were marginally statistically significant in GBP480 ( p = 0.064, −56.67%, d = 0.731), as well as in GBP240 ( p = 0.059, −59.38%, d = 0.731).

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3.3.4 Everyday Cognition 12 Scale ( ECog ‐12) Scores on the ECog‐12 decreased directionally with a trend toward significance in the GBP480 group ( p = 0.128, d = 0.650), and only directionally in the GBP240 group ( p = 0.270, d = 0.498) over the course of the 4‐week testing period, indicating a possible improvement in perceived cognitive functioning.

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However, these changes did not reach statistical significance in either group, and there were no significant differences between groups (Table S1 ). 3.3.5 Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale‐17 ( DAS ‐17) Both groups showed directional decreases in total DAS‐17 scores from baseline to Week 4, with GBP240 demonstrating a statistically moderate reduction ( p = 0.013, −17.10%, d = 0.448), while GBP480 did not reach statistical significance.

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