Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes are associated with changes in renal injury markers, gut microbiota composition, and inflammatory signaling in IgA nephropathy.

Front Immunol · 2026 · PMC13265289 · PMID 42305538

Europe PMC DOI

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0.0660

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0.0660

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did not reach statistical significanceP = 0.066so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

Pairwise PERMANOVA with Bonferroni correction showed a significant difference between the Control and IgAN groups (adjusted P = 0.03), whereas the difference between IgAN and IgAN+hUCMSC-Exos did not reach statistical significance (adjusted P = 0.066), although a compositional shift toward a control-like microbial community structure was observed in PCoA space ( Figure 1A ; Supplementary Table 2 ).

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