highly significantp < 0.001
A highly significant difference in IGF-1 levels was observed across CVMI stages (F = 15.866, p < 0.001) (Table 5 ) .
A highly significant difference in IGF-1 levels was observed across CVMI stages (F = 15.866, p < 0.001) (Table 5 ) .
Although differences between Stage 2 and Stage 5 approached significance (p = 0.058), they did not meet the threshold.