Bipolar disorder and somatic diseases: Focus on oxidative stress markers.

NRF2 levels showed an upward trend in the schizophrenia group relative to bipolar disorder and control groups, although the difference did not reach statistical significance. Collectively, these findings suggest that empirical evidence on NRF2 signaling in bipolar disorder remains limited and heterogeneous, with studies differing in sample type, illness stage, and methodological approach.

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