The attitude most strongly associated with adherence was the desire to avoid health complications from gluten consumption, which showed the largest mean difference between adherence groups and a highly significant association ( P < 0.001).
Under the original threshold of ≥ 19/21, attitude/stance remained significant (OR 1.48, p = 0.001), and male sex was borderline significant (OR 2.66, p = 0.049).
After accounting for multiple comparisons across the reported bivariate tests, the total attitude/stance score remained the most robust association, whereas other nominally significant findings were interpreted as exploratory.