Biomimetic self-assembled copper nanoadjuvant potentiates hepatocellular carcinoma immunotherapy via cuproptosis-driven cGAS-STING activation.

Although canonical cGAS-STING and type I IFN gene sets did not reach statistical significance in the current bulk RNA-seq dataset, these transcriptomic findings, together with our experimental evidence of mtDNA leakage, cGAMP production, mtDNA/cGAS co-localization, STING/TBK1/IRF3 phosphorylation, and ddC rescue, support Cu-R837@CM-induced activation of cGAS-STING-related innate immune signaling.

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