Beyond cortisol: evaluating serotonin, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and oxytocin as indicators of equine welfare across three training regimens.

BMC Vet Res · 2026 · PMC13277048 · PMID 42063145

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentence

0.0590

closest p · 1.2× alpha

0.0590

boldest claim

The sentences

did not reach statistical significancep = 0.059so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

Cortisol showed no significant session-specific changes, with lower post/pre ratios in stallions that did not reach statistical significance during T2 and race day ( p = 0.059 and p = 0.064).

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