A validated custom pipeline for three-dimensional kidney stone renderings tocreate an open access repository.

Urolithiasis · 2026 · PMC13279664 · PMID 42313154

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did not reach statistical significancep = 0.069so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

Across all stone types, geometry scores (mean: 3.73 ± 0.97) were assessed as more realistic than texture scores (mean: 3.5 ± 1.01), although this difference did not reach statistical significance (Mann–Whitney U = 20.0, p = 0.069).

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