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Preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and systemic immune-inflammation index as prognostic biomarkers for postoperative pneumonia and pulmonary complications after thoracic surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Front Med (Lausanne) · 2026 · PMC13281584 · PMID 42328560

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One study ( 30 ) contributed unadjusted estimates only, as the inflammatory biomarkers did not reach statistical significance in the final multivariable model and were therefore not retained.

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