The Gut-Disc Axis: Mendelian Randomization Study Reveals Causal Effects of Gut Microbiota on Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Not Mediated by Systemic Inflammation.

The proportion mediated was calculated only when both the total effect and indirect effect were nominally significant; otherwise, the proportion mediated was considered statistically unstable and is not reported as a primary outcome. 22 Bidirectional and Sensitivity Analyses Reverse causation was assessed by testing the effects of genetic liability to IVDD on GM and ICs, using genome-wide statistically significant SNPs ( P <5×10 −8 ) as instruments.

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