Barely Significant
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Differential impact of South Korea's 2019 E-cigarette advisory on adult tobacco product use: an interrupted time series analysis by product type and subgroup.

BMC Public Health · 2026 · PMC13289383 · PMID 42032562

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highly significantno p-value reported
For cigarette smoking, the regression confirms a highly significant downward pre-intervention trend of − 0.49% points per year (95% CI: − 0.71, − 0.27) from 2007 up to 2018.

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The post-2019 trend was an estimated − 0.16 pp per year, which is 0.59 pp/year lower than the pre-trend, although this change in slope did not reach statistical significance (95% CI for slope change: − 0.58, + 0.26).

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