Integrating Combination Therapy and Smart Embolic Materials to Overcome the Therapeutic Ceiling of Transarterial Chemoembolization in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

However, OS did not reach statistical significance, leading to trial termination and suggesting that triplet therapy’s PFS benefit may be confounded by competing risks such as liver disease progression. 47 In contrast, the CHANCE2202 study (941 patients) showed that TACE plus ICIs and anti-angiogenic agents significantly prolonged OS (32.9 vs 23.0 months; HR 0.57) and PFS (18.0 vs 12.9 months; HR 0.70) versus TACE alone, with acceptable grade ≥3 adverse events (20.8% vs 6.8%).

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