5 Juxtatumoral CD8+ density below 0.05 cells per high-power field was observed in most PDAC cases; tumors at or below this threshold were associated with significantly decreased survival ( P = 0.045), whereas overall stromal CD8+ density did not reach statistical significance for survival ( P = 0.06). 5 These findings demonstrated that cytotoxic T cells were not absent from PDAC but were physically restricted from reaching tumor epithelium, where effector function is critical to antitumor activity.
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KRAS-driven immune exclusion in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: mechanisms and therapeutic reversal.
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