Gut microbiota alterations in primary biliary cholangitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Enriched genera such as Bifidobacterium , Lactobacillus , and Clostridium may directly produce indole-3-lactic acid, indole-3-aldehyde, or related metabolites, whereas Bacteroides , one of the major taxa associated with tryptophanase activity, showed a decreasing trend ( Wang et al., 2019 ).

also in 47,180 other papers

Specifically, the Shannon index was significantly reduced (SMD = −0.72, 95% CI: −1.22 to −0.22), and although the Chao1 index did not reach statistical significance in the overall analysis, it showed a significant reduction after exclusion of an outlier study in sensitivity analysis (SMD = −0.38, 95% CI: −0.63 to −0.15).

also in 111,027 other papers