The tumor-microenvironment-associated prognostic gene TIGIT promotes malignant phenotypes in esophageal carcinoma.

The proportional hazards assumption was satisfied for the OS model (global Schoenfeld test p = 0.55) and marginally significant for the DFS model (p = 0.021), with no substantial time-dependent trends observed in individual plots (Fig.

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Importantly, while high PD-L1 expression showed a trend approaching statistical significance for adverse prognosis in univariate DFS analysis, it did not retain independent prognostic value in the multivariate model, underscoring its complex interplay within the broader immunosuppressive network.

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