Probiotic spray on incubating chicken eggs accelerates the establishment of a healthy jejunal microbiota.

Poult Sci · 2026 · PMC13292676 · PMID 42308741

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0010

closest p · 0.0× alpha

0.0889

boldest claim

The sentences

highly significantP = 0.001actually significant

The first two principal coordinate axes explained 41.6% of the total variance (PCoA1: 27.5%, PCoA2: 14.1%), and global PERMANOVA remained highly significant (F = 3.54, P = 0.001).

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did not reach statistical significanceP = 0.0889so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

At 30 DPH the Kruskal–Wallis H-test showed significant variation in observed richness (H = 18.17, P = 0.0200), Shannon index (H = 17.92, P = 0.0219), and Chao1 richness (H = 17.03, P = 0.0298), while Simpson index did not reach statistical significance (H = 13.73, P = 0.0889).

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