A systematic review of the efficacy of complementary colostrum, milk, and oral nutritional and dietary solutions on the health, growth, and gut health of suckling piglets.

J Anim Sci · 2026 · PMC13293068 · PMID 41923313

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.1000

closest p · 2.0× alpha

0.1000

boldest claim

The sentences

tendency toward significanceP < 0.10so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

The percentage difference between the supplemented and control groups within each trial was calculated when the comparison was statistically significant ( P < 0.05) or showed a tendency toward significance ( P < 0.10).

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showed a trendno p-value reported

Furthermore, NCG significantly increased serum IgA concentrations by 32% and showed a trend to increase sIgA concentration by 15% in the ileal mucosa.

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