Examining the evolving roles of quantity surveyors in achieving the United Nations sustainable development goals.

To verify that the differences between the four FSE criticality indices were substantively meaningful and not artefacts of small numerical variation, a Friedman test was conducted, yielding a highly significant result (χ2 (3) = 72.255, p < 0.001), confirming that respondents rated the four critical role constructs significantly differently overall as shown in Table 6 .

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However, one important qualification emerges: the difference between Environmental Sustainability and Resource Management and Poverty Alleviation and Food Security did not reach statistical significance (W = 1403.0, Bonferroni p = 1.000), indicating that although their FSE indices differ numerically (3.933 vs 3.696), this difference is not statistically reliable at the respondent level.

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