Unfamiliar Handler-Induced Hypercortisolism, Abnormal Oral Behaviors, and Delayed Inflammatory Response in Pre-Weaned Zebu Cross Calves

A strong and highly significant positive correlation was identified between handler substitution (Handler) and both serum cortisol levels (r s = 0.67, p = 0.001) and respiratory rate (r s = 0.66, p = 0.001), linking personnel rotation to heightened physiological stress.

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While the Kruskal–Wallis test for cross-sucking was not fully significant (H (df = 3) = 6.42, p = 0.093), the more sensitive post hoc BKY linear step-up procedure detected a significant pairwise discovery between S1 and S2 (C = −16.00, q = 0.029, p = 0.014).

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