Association between mental health and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis.

BMJ Open Respir Res · 2026 · PMC13295998 · PMID 42315258

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentence

—

closest p

—

boldest claim

The sentences

showed a trendno p-value reported

Subgroup analyses showed a trend towards increased mortality in depression (HR=1.73, 95% CI 0.99 to 3.03, I2=67%) and anxiety (HR=1.21, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.47).

also in 53,322 other papers

Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.