Voluntary Wheel Running as Refinement Tool for Postoperative Severity Assessment and Humane Endpoint Detection in Rats with Brain Tumors

Brain Sci · 2026 · PMC13296953

Europe PMC

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showed a trendp = 0.069so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

Comparison of Surgery and Humane Endpoint Compared to the previous day, rats lost more weight by the day of the humane endpoint compared to that after transmitter implantation and tumor cell injection ( p < 0.05 post hoc testing after one-way ANOVA: F 3,52 = 5.750; p = 0.002), whereas tumor resection showed a trend ( p = 0.069; Figure 6 A1).

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