Bile Acid Dysregulation in Parkinson’s Disease: Longitudinal Changes and Altered Metabolic Interactions

Biomolecules · 2026 · PMC13297225

Europe PMC

hedged sentences

0.0640

closest p · 1.3× alpha

0.0640

boldest claim

The sentences

a trend toward significancep = 0.064so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

This analysis revealed a significant difference in the U/C ratio at T1 ( p = 0.039) and T2 ( p = 0.009), while a trend toward significance was observed at T0 ( p = 0.064).

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an increasing trendno p-value reported

In contrast, hydrophilic BA were more stable, exhibited an increasing trend between T0 and T2, and showed minimal intergroup differences.

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a decreasing trendno p-value reported

Primary BA showed a decreasing trend in the control groups, particularly in HC1 between T0 and T2 (CA, HC1 ∆T0–T2 = −0.08 μmol/L; CDCA, HC1 ∆T0–T2 = −0.16 μmol/L), while only minimal changes were observed in HC overall.

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did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

The highest heterogeneity was observed among conjugated BA, particularly TUDCA and TCDCA; however, these changes were small and did not reach statistical significance ( Table 4 ).

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