Potential Causal Relationship Between Hypertension and Type 2 Diabetic Nephropathy: Integrating Mendelian Randomization Evidence with Global Burden of Disease 2021 Analysis

Healthcare (Basel) · 2026 · PMC13299940

Europe PMC

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did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

Although the IVW and BWMR analyses reached statistical significance and the other MR methods showed a consistent direction of effect, MR-Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode did not reach statistical significance.

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