Early Cardiac Responses to Half-Marathon Running in Amateur Athletes: Implications for Cardiovascular Health and Safe Exercise Participation.

Third, the multiplicity of pre/post-comparisons in an exploratory design without formal correction for multiple testing increases the probability of nominally significant findings arising by chance; for this reason, effect sizes (Cohen’s d) are reported prominently alongside p -values throughout, and 95% confidence intervals have been added to Table 2 and Table 3 to allow readers to weigh both magnitude and precision.

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