Transforaminal Endoscopic Lumbar Foraminotomy for Radiculopathy at the Fused Segment After Lumbar Fusion: Clinical Outcomes and Surgical Considerations.

Although subgroup-based interpretation was not the primary focus of this study, exploratory analysis showed a trend toward favorable outcomes in cases of pedicle screw-related irritation ( Table 2 ).

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Our results demonstrated that clinical improvement was highly significant across all primary metrics, including pain intensity, functional disability, and global clinical status.

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