Impact of Maternal COVID-19 Infection Versus Vaccination on Mucosal Immunity in Breastmilk

J Clin Med · 2026 · PMC13301852

Europe PMC

hedged sentences

0.0100

closest p · 0.2× alpha

0.1100

boldest claim

The sentences

highly significantp -value < 0.01actually significant

The differences between delivery and all subsequent time points were statistically highly significant (adjusted p -value < 0.01).

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failed to reach statistical significancep = 0.11not close (p > 0.1)

The VPP cohort showed the strongest increase in IgG levels compared to IgM, demonstrating response to the vaccine, but failed to reach statistical significance (adjusted p = 0.11) ( Figure 1 C). 3.3.

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