Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment Signatures Predict Early Progression in NSCLC Patients Receiving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Transcriptomic and Immune Deconvolution Analysis of GSE135222.

While the Kaplan–Meier and Cox results were nominally significant ( p ≈ 0.09), the small sample size ( n = 27) severely limits statistical power; the observed effect size (HR = 2.12) provides a rationale for hypothesis-driven validation in larger, adequately powered cohorts, though this should be interpreted with caution given the limited sample size and absence of external validation [ 24 ].

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