Novel susceptibility genes for varicose veins revealed by a cross-tissue transcriptome-wide association study.

In contrast, genes that lost significance were classified as marginally significant, indicating their conditional dependence on colocalized genetic variants. 2.6 Gene analysis Enrichment analyses for both tissue specificity and biological pathways were performed using the MAGMA framework. 15 This approach uses gene expression datasets, such as those derived from the GTEx V8 project, to evaluate spatial expression profiles of genes across diverse tissues and explore their potential links to phenotypic traits.

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p < 0.05 was considered nominally significant. 2.8 Colocalization analysis The coloc R package was used to assess the colocalization of target genes (eQTL) and VVs (GWAS).

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