Eliminating PD-L1 on Dendritic Cell Extracellular Vesicles for Immunotherapy Potentiates Immune-Mediated Tumour Rejection in Mice.

J Extracell Vesicles · 2026 · PMC13317667 · PMID 42377985

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did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

In contrast, PD‐L1 −/− EV treatment led to a significant increase in PD‐L1 expression only ( p = 0.0032), while the increase in MHC‐I expression did not reach statistical significance.

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a slight trendno p-value reported

While both groups inhibited tumour growth, PD‐L1 −/− EVs showed a slight trend towards more pronounced inhibition, but with no statistical difference in relation to WT EVs.

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.