Effects of blood flow restriction exercise interventions on patellofemoral pain syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

The pooled result suggested a small-to-moderate trend toward greater post-intervention improvements in quadriceps morphology in the experimental group compared with controls, but the difference did not reach statistical significance (SMD = 0.30, 95% CI −0.20 to 0.80; Z = 1.17, P = 0.24) ( Figure 7 ).

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