Barely Significant
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Adaptive visuospatial n-back training improves audiovisual integration and executive control in older adults.

Front Psychol · 2026 · PMC13328510 · PMID 42403622

2
hedged sentences
0.0610
closest p · 1.2× alpha
0.0640
boldest claim

The sentences

showed a trendp = 0.061so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)
Additionally, at posttest, the response of TG to auditory stimulus was significantly faster compared to the CG [ t (29) = 1.942, p = 0.026, d = 0.590], while the response to visual stimulus showed a trend toward faster responses [ t (29) = 1.187, p = 0.061, d = 0.427] that did not reach statistical significance.

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a trend toward significancep = 0.064so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)
No significant differences were observed between the TG and CG at any electrode at pretest (all ps ≥ 0.120); however, at posttest, the TG exhibited significantly higher P200 amplitudes than the CG at Fz [ t (29) = 2.109, p = 0.044, d = 0.758], FC1 [ t (29) = 2.116, p = 0.043, d = 0.760], and Cz [ t (29) = 2.284, p = 0.030, d = 0.821], with a trend toward significance at CP1 [ t (29) = 1.922, p = 0.064, d = 0.691]. 3.2.2.

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