Balancing diagnostic approach and oncologic risk in surgically resected lung cancer: propensity-matched analysis of intraoperative versus percutaneous biopsy by tumor location and morphology.

Although these findings did not reach statistical significance, the consistent trend of hazard ratios and the higher rate of locoregional and pleural recurrence in the PCNB group raise the possibility of clinically meaningful effects that should be interpreted cautiously and not in a strictly binary statistical framework.

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In the current clinical environment, where CT-based lung cancer screening is widely implemented, the early detection rate of small-sized or subsolid lung tumors has increased substantially, rendering the CTR highly significant in clinical practice.

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