Influence of black garlic and Hypericum scabrum on growth performance, fecal microbiota, diarrhea, oxidative stress and immune status in pre-weaning calves.

Trop Anim Health Prod · 2026 · PMC13346159 · PMID 42420689

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0040

closest p · 0.1× alpha

0.0990

boldest claim

The sentences

highly significantP = 0.004actually significant

The effect of treatment on SOD activities was highly significant ( P = 0.004 ), and post-hoc analyses revealed that SOD levels in the GH group were statistically lower than those of in C and G.

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at the limit of significanceP = 0.064so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

The effect of treatment on serum IgA levels was found to be statistically significant ( P = 0.044 ), and the treatment × time interaction was at the limit of significance ( P = 0.064 ).

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a statistical trendP = 0.099so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

Additionally, a statistical trend toward lower bifidobacterial counts was observed in G group as compared to C group ( P = 0.099 ).

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did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

For TNF- γ levels, a trend toward differences among groups was observed ( P = 0.059 ); however, this did not reach statistical significance.

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