Hydrogen-delivering biomaterial carriers for diabetic foot ulcer healing: a systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical animal studies.

Diabetol Metab Syndr · 2026 · PMC13348003 · PMID 42143326

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentence

0.0900

closest p · 1.8× alpha

0.0900

boldest claim

The sentences

failed to reach statistical significanceP = 0.09so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

While microneedle delivery systems [ 17 , 19 ] showed a trend toward improvement but also failed to reach statistical significance, with substantial heterogeneity (Z = 1.69, P = 0.09; I 2 = 82%).

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