A low-toxicity circular single-stranded DNA platform for safe and potent IL-12 immunotherapy against hepatocellular carcinoma.

J Nanobiotechnology · 2026 · PMC13352730 · PMID 41896926

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a strong trendno p-value reported

As expected, both IL-12-pDNA-LNP and IL-12-cssDNA-LNP robustly elevated serum IL-12 levels compared to the control groups, and notably, IL-12-cssDNA-LNP showed a strong trend towards higher IL-12 induction compared to the pDNA construct, albeit this difference did not reach statistical significance ( Fig. 4 b ) .

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