The influence of chronic exercise intervention on the executive function of children with neurodevelopmental disorders: a meta-analysis.

Front Neurol · 2026 · PMC13357176 · PMID 42444654

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a nonsignificant trendno p-value reported

Both ADHD and ASD subgroups showed a nonsignificant trend toward improved cognitive flexibility, although neither subgroup reached statistical significance.

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a slight trendno p-value reported

Both groups showed a slight trend toward improvement in CF, which was consistent with the direction of the overall CF effect (SMD = −0.27, where negative values indicate improvement).

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did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

In terms of IC, the combined effect size of < 12 weeks was SMD = 0.60 (95% Cl: −0.42 to 1.62, p = 0.25), with high heterogeneity ( I 2 = 88%), and did not reach statistical significance.

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