Effects of probiotics and synbiotics on body weight management in individuals with overweight or obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

In sensitivity analyses excluding a study with pre-randomization baseline imbalance, the BMI effect attenuated to borderline significance (SMD = -0.45; p = 0.048) and the fat mass/body fat percentage effect lost statistical significance (SMD = -0.26; p = 0.060).

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For instance, Higashikawa and colleagues [ 42 ] assessed the anti-obesity effect of Pediococcus pentosaceus LP28 among 62 overweight individuals in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled fashion and noted that the probiotic group experienced a near-significant mean difference from placebo for BMI (mean, [95CIs]; -0.33 kg/m 2 [-0.74, 0.08]) following a 12-week intervention.

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