Urban-rural disparities in HPV prevalence and genotype distribution: a large-scale cervical cancer screening study in Xi'an, China.

5 and Supplementary Table S4 ; Mann–Kendall testing identified a statistically significant monotonic increase in HR-HPV positivity across the 36-month observation window in both populations (urban Z = +2.74, p = 0.006; rural Z = +2.10, p = 0.036), and a parallel significant increase in any-HPV positivity in the urban population (Z = +2.78, p = 0.005), with the rural any-HPV trend approaching but not reaching significance (Z = +1.77, p = 0.077).

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