Publication Bias and Quality Considerations The minimal evidence of publication bias (Egger’s regression coefficient = 0.54, 95% CI: −0.18 to 1.26, p = 0.128 approaching but not reaching significance; Begg’s rank correlation tau = 0.08, p = 0.052 indicating modest asymmetry; trim-and-fill analysis identifying only two potentially missing studies with minimal effect on conclusions) suggests that findings are not substantially distorted by selective publication of positive results.
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“approaching but not reaching significance”
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p=0.53
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Group comparisons using the Mann–Whitney U test [ 36 ] revealed no statistically significant differences between the two independent groups for any attribute (all p > 0.05), with Q2 approaching but not reaching significance ( p = 0.069), indicating overall group comparability.
The Firmicutes / Bacteroidetes ratio was markedly greater in NEC patients, especially NEC formula-fed patients, than in controls and NEC breastfed patients, with these differences approaching but not reaching significance ( P = 0.148) and demonstrating a moderate effect size (ε 2 = 0.14).
Within the CBCL subscales, only attention problems showed a significant difference across groups ( p uncorrected = 0.032, Table 5 ), with anxious/depressed behaviors and somatic complaints approaching but not reaching significance (Table S4).
Mortality in the CSA group was higher, approaching but not reaching significance.
However, the log-rank p value for PSMA-TV and TTF was 0.0599, approaching but not reaching significance.
All 5 knees (100%) with Lysholm scores <85 had trochlear dysplasia, compared to 24 of 40 knees (60%) with scores ≥ 85 (χ 2 test, p = 0.072, OR undefined due to 100% prevalence), approaching but not reaching significance. 3.6.
Patient III 1 F2 Taking into account the CBCL 6–18, scores reached the significance on the Activities, Social, and Total Competence Scale, while concerning the CBCL Syndrome scales only withdrawn/depressed were in the clinical range, with Anxious/Depressed and Thought problems approaching but not reaching significance.
However, only the AHI sub-group of 5–14.9 was approaching but not reaching significance in higher BMI, probably due to the small sample size ( Table 10 ).