Spinal Versus General Anesthesia for Acute Kidney Injury and Transfusion in One-Week-Staged Bilateral Total Knee Arthroplasty.

The two co-primary endpoints were tested without multiple-comparison correction, given pre-specified hypotheses with separate rationales; the four-pattern and surgery-level AKI models were treated as exploratory, so the nominally significant GA–SA contrast ( p = 0.025) carries no confirmatory status.

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Intra-operative hypotensive events occurred numerically more often under SA, in a direction compatible with the known hemodynamic profile of spinal anesthesia in older adults [ 34 ], although the adjusted difference did not survive BH-FDR correction ( Table 4 ), so this remains a numerical trend. 4.2.

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