Cultural and relational factors in interpersonal distance regulation: evidence from a 2D screen-based task in Spain, Italy, and Japan.

Front Psychol · 2026 · PMC13364631 · PMID 42453460

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0900

closest p · 1.8× alpha

0.0900

boldest claim

The sentences

did not reach statistical significancep = 0.09so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

In the Italian sample, the same trend was observed but did not reach statistical significance (ρ = −0.18, p = 0.09).

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a trend toward significanceno p-value reported

Co-bathing showed a marginal effect ( β = 0.60, p = 0.06), indicating a trend toward significance but not reaching conventional thresholds.

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