Barely Significant
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Observation Moderates the Moral Licensing Effect: A Meta-Analytic Test of Interpersonal and Intrapsychic Mechanisms.

Pers Soc Psychol Bull · 2026 · PMC13392179 · PMID 40626652

Europe PMCDOI
1
hedged sentence
0.0600
closest p · 1.2× alpha
0.0600
boldest claim

The sentences

did not reach statistical significancep = .060so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)
Although the test of moderation did not reach statistical significance, F (1, 68) = 3.67, p = .060, unobserved experiments conducted in-person (i.e., lab, classrooms, field) had a significant moral licensing effect (Hedge’s g = 0.25, 95% CI [0.12, 0.38], t (68) = 3.80, p < .001), whereas online experiments did not (Hedge’s g = 0.06, 95% CI [−0.04, 0.17], t = 1.20, p = .233); see Figure 5 .

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