A foundational model encodes deep phenotyping data and enables diverse downstream applications.

For each bootstrap replicate, two statistics were computed: (i) whether the global log-rank test remained nominally significant ( P < 0.05), yielding a bootstrap significance rate; and (ii) whether the same subgroup retained the best and worst survival ordering as in the original data, yielding a direction-consistency measure. “Bootstrap-stable prognostic stratification” was defined as FDR < 0.05 together with a bootstrap significance rate ≥ 80% and direction consistency ≥ 80%.

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