Sex Differences in Perceptions and Behavioral Context of Electronic Cigarette Use: A Cross-Sectional Study in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Similarly, lower income (<2000 SAR) was associated with reduced odds of higher domain classification across most domains, including situational use (OR, 0.71; p = 0.032), perceived utility (OR, 0.66; p = 0.011), risk perception (OR, 0.61; p = 0.002), and media influence (OR, 0.59; p = 0.001), while the association with social norms did not reach statistical significance ( p = 0.058).

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